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PI3K/Akt/mTOR
Endocrinology & Hormones
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HIF
Immunology & Inflammation
Stem Cells
Apoptosis
Metabolic Enzyme & Protease
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ER Stress
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DNA Damage & DNA Repai
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Instruments
Pipette & Dispenser & Pipette Dispensing Instrument
Oscillating Mixing & Stirring & Dispersing Instrument
Temperature Control & Sampling & Grinding Crushing Instrument
Sterilization & Filtration Instruments
PCR Instrument & Light Glue Instrument
Spectrophotometer
Centrifuge
Shaker
Vacuum Pump
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FAQ—Solubility of Solarbio Small Molecule Compounds
FAQ - Solubility of Solarbio Small Molecule Compounds
| Q01: | How long can small molecule compound products be stored after dissolution? |
| A01: | (1) Refer to the storage conditions and storage time recommended in the manual. It is generally recommended to store the storage liquid in separate packages to avoid repeated freezing; It can be stored at -20℃ for 1 month. (2) For unstable compounds, it is recommended to use them now. (3) The working solution is recommended to be used now, and it is not recommended to be stored and used multiple times. |
| Q02: | The product instructions for small molecule compounds only mention dissolution in DMSO or other organic solvents. However, DMSO is toxic in itself. What if it causes damage to cells/animals? |
| A02: | For compounds dissolved in DMSO, it is generally recommended that the final concentration be less than 0.1% in cell experiments. This concentration is very conservative for the vast majority of cells and will not have a significant effect. In animal experiments, it is recommended that the final concentration of DMSO should not exceed 10% for normal mice. For nude or weak mice, it is recommended that the final concentration of DMSO should not exceed 2% as far as possible. If you are not sure about the tolerance of your cell/animal to DMSO or other organic solvents, you can do a solvent concentration gradient experiment in advance to choose the most appropriate concentration range. At the same time, in the formal experiment, do a good control experiment, you can rest assured of the experiment. |
| Q03: | Why do compounds such as cisplatin from your company recommend dissolution in DMF instead of DMSO? It is clear that DMSO has been used for dissolution in many literatures. |
| A03: | Because Solarbio has always had dedicated personnel responsible for data query, verification, and update of small molecule compound series products. We have learned that for compounds such as cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, DMSO will cause damage to their activity, resulting in inaccurate experimental results. Therefore, Solarbio recommends dissolving such substances in DMF. Reference:Hall MD, Telma KA, Chang KE, Lee TD, Madigan JP, Lloyd JR, Goldlust IS, Hoeschele JD, Gottesman MM. Say no to DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide inactivates cisplatin, carboplatin, and other platinum complexes. Cancer Res. 2014 Jul 15;74(14):3913-22. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-0247. Epub 2014 May 8. PMID: 24812268; PMCID: PMC4153432. |
| Q04: | Must small molecule compound products be dissolved according to the solvent and concentration recommended in your instruction manual? |
| A04: | (1) The solvents and solubility provided in the instructions are for reference only. At present, for the vast majority of products, Solarbio only provides solubility in DMSO or water, and the solubility quality is within 10mM. Solarbio does not test all possible solvents for the compound, nor does it test the maximum saturation of the solution. (2) You can choose the solvent or concentration that you think is suitable for dissolution, or you can choose the solvent and concentration provided in the reference. But it is recommended that you do a little verification first. |
| Q05: | Can small molecular compounds be diluted directly with medium, sterile water, PBS and other buffers or normal saline after being dissolved with DMSO? |
| A05: | It is recommended to conduct a small amount of verification first to observe whether there is precipitation, and then conduct a formal experiment. The dilution process is recommended to be carried out in stages to avoid rapid concentration change resulting in compound precipitation. If the compound precipitates during the dilution process, it can generally be redissolved by ultrasonic method. When the temperature of the experimental environment is too low, diluents such as DMSO storage solution and medium can be preheated first, and then diluted, which can reduce the possibility of precipitation. |
| Q06: | How should small molecule compounds be dissolved/diluted in cell experiments? |
| A06: | Reserve solution prepared with Water can be diluted directly with medium, buffer or sterile water to the desired working solution concentration. When diluting the reserve solution prepared with DMSO, ensure that the final concentration of DMSO in the working solution is less than 1/1000, and set the corresponding concentration of DMSO blank group (most cells can tolerate low concentration of DMSO (<1/1000), but some cells are extremely sensitive to DMSO, it is recommended to perform DMSO gradient detection before the experiment). The dilution process is recommended to be carried out in stages to avoid rapid concentration change resulting in compound precipitation. If the compound precipitates during the dilution process, it can generally be redissolved by ultrasonic method. The dissolution and treatment methods used in the literature will be provided on the product details page of the official website. All data are not the actual measured results of Solarbio. Solarbio has not independently tested these methods, and does not guarantee their validity and authority. |
| Q07: | How should small molecule compounds be dissolved/diluted in animal experiments? |
| A07: | The reserve solution formulated with Water can be diluted directly with normal saline, buffer or sterile water to the desired working solution concentration. The reserve solution prepared with DMSO can also be diluted with normal saline, buffer solution or sterile water. Some products have low solubility in water, and the reserve solution prepared with DMSO may precipitate during the dilution process. It can be dissolved by adding co-solvent. Examples include Tween80 (IT9000), glycerin (IG0910), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (IS9000/IS9001), and PEG400 (IP9000). In order to exclude the toxicity of solvent to animals, it is recommended to set up the corresponding concentration of solvent control group. It is recommended that you use a completely dissolved clarified solution in order to avoid causing experimental errors or irreversible effects on laboratory animals. Under normal circumstances, suspension can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection, will not affect product activity, but may affect absorption, resulting in large errors. For assistance, please email technical support to [email protected]. The dissolution and administration methods used in the literature will be provided on the product details page of the official website. All data are not the actual results measured by Solarbio. Solarbio has not independently tested these methods, and does not guarantee their validity and authority. |
| Q08: | How are small molecule compounds prepared into stock solutions? |
| A08: | According to experimental needs, a suitable solvent can be selected to prepare a stock solution. Solubility information can be queried in the Solarbio instruction manual or on the official website. In case of difficult dissolution, according to the product properties, methods such as water bath heating, ultrasound, shaking, or adding a suitable cosolvent can be used to assist dissolution. At present, we only provide the solubility of the product in DMSO or water, and the quality inspection range of solubility is within 10 mM. If dissolution in other concentrations is required, or if a reagent other than the solvent given in the instruction manual is used for dissolution, then it is necessary to verify the dissolution information by yourself or query and refer to relevant literature. |
| Q09: | What if I purchased a large size of small molecule compound product, but the brown bottle for storing the products is too small to add all the solvents? |
| A09: | It can be dissolved step by step and then transferred to a large container for processing. For example, a total of 5mL of solvent needs to be added, the bottle can only be put down 1mL, you can first add 1mL of solvent to the original packaging of the bottle to dissolve, and then suck out into a prepared clean large container. Add 1mL of solvent to the original bottle to dissolve, and then suck it out into the large container. Repeat this step until you have added enough 5mL to ensure that there is no residue in the original bottle, and finally dissolve it fully in a large container. |
| Q10: | What is the role of cosolvent? |
| A10: | Cosolvents are usually used in animal experiments. If the storage solution prepared with DMSO is diluted directly into the working solution with normal saline or sterile water, it may precipitate, and a co-solvent is needed. Examples include Tween80 (IT9000), corn oil (IC9000), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (IS9000/IS9001), and PEG300 (IP9020). As for the specific choice of which solvent, the proportion of use is what, it is recommended to consult the relevant literature, and refer to the literature similar to your experimental needs. |
| Q11: | How to sterilize small molecule compounds dissolved in DMSO? |
| A11: | DMSO itself has a strong antibacterial effect. Generally, the reagent dissolved in DMSO can be regarded as a sterile solution by default, and it can be operated as a sterile solution under normal conditions. If your experiment requires strict sterility, it is recommended to use an organic phase filter below 0.22μm for filtration and sterilization, and avoid high temperature and high pressure sterilization, otherwise it will cause irreversible effects on the product. |
| Q12: | How to choose the solvent to dissolve? |
| A12: | There is no best solvent, only the most suitable solvent. The same solvent can be used well for one type of experiment, but may not be used for another type of experiment. It is recommended to consult more relevant literature for reference. |
| Q13: | Is it possible to reduce the proportion of DMSO in the solution for fear of DMSO damage to mice? |
| A13: | As long as the solubility allows, the DMSO content can be reduced. It is recommended to take a small amount for experiment first to see whether there will be precipitation. After confirmation, it can be adjusted according to the proportion of the experiment. |
| Q14: | In animal experiments, there is no PEG300, can PEG400 be used instead? |
| A14: | Sure. But the PEG300 is still the first. |
| Q15: | In animal experiments, there is no Tween-80, can it be replaced by Tween-20/40/60, etc.? |
| A15: | It is recommended to check whether there is any literature that explicitly mentions the use of Tween-20/40/60 to dissolve small molecule compounds. If so, you can try it. If not, it is recommended to design a solvent tolerance test and an experiment on the effect of solvent on drug activity, and then conduct a formal experiment after verification. So far, Soolarbio has found that Tween-80 is better tolerated than Tween-20, and Tween-80 has been used as a tool to evaluate the behavioral effects of experimental drugs and poisons without significant side effects. References: Castro CA, Hogan JB, Benson KA, Shehata CW, Landauer MR. Behavioral effects of vehicles: DMSO, ethanol, Tween-20, Tween-80, and emulphor-620. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1995 Apr;50(4):521-6. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(94)00331-9. PMID: 7617697. |
| Q16: | The instructions for small molecule compounds do not say how to dissolve them. |
| A16: | Please look at the solubility information on the second page (back) of the instruction manual. Generally, the first line is the recommended solvent; the table below shows the mass of the compound (Mass) and the amount of solvent (Solvent) required to prepare the corresponding molar concentration. Generally, it is recommended to prepare a stock solution for storage first. Dilute to the corresponding working solution concentration when in use. |
| Q17: | The compound dissolves well in DMSO, but solid precipitates when diluted with water-based solvent. What should I do? |
| A17: | This phenomenon is very common and can be redissolved by vortex, ultrasound and 37℃ water bath heating; Be careful to ensure that the precipitate is completely dissolved when using the solution. |
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